# Zenit-12XP / 12SD Russian-English Technical Glossary

| Russian term | English term used | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| фотоаппарат | camera | Literally photographic apparatus. |
| затвор | shutter | Generally the focal-plane shutter unless otherwise stated. |
| шторный затвор | curtain shutter / focal-plane curtain shutter | Mechanism with shutter curtains. |
| шторка | curtain | Shutter curtain. |
| выдержка | shutter speed / exposure time | Context dependent. |
| диафрагма | aperture / diaphragm | Aperture setting or diaphragm mechanism. |
| экспонометрическое устройство, ЭУ | exposure-metering device / unit | Built-in TTL metering system. |
| объектив | lens | Usually the standard or interchangeable lens. |
| автоспуск | self-timer | Mechanical delay release. |
| собачка | pawl | Small catch/ratchet lever. |
| кулачок | cam | Cam surface or cam part. |
| втулка | bushing / sleeve | Context dependent. |
| ось-винт | axle screw | Screw serving as a pivot. |
| кожух | cover | Usually top or outer cover. |
| щиток | shield / plate | Depends on part function. |
| рычаг | lever | Mechanical lever. |
| пружина | spring |  |
| шайба | washer |  |
| зазор | clearance | Adjustment gap. |
| люфт | play | Mechanical looseness. |
| юстировка | adjustment / alignment | Optical or mechanical adjustment. |
| полозки | rails | Film-channel rails. |
| бархотки | velvet seals | Light-sealing velvet strips. |
| тесьма | tape | Curtain tape. |
| рамка кадра, кадровое окно | frame aperture | Film gate opening. |
| матовое стекло | ground glass | Viewfinder focusing screen. |
| линза Френеля | Fresnel lens | Focusing screen component. |
| мирa | test target | Optical test target. |